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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">filnauki</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Филологические науки в МГИМО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Journal of Language Research and Teaching</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-2423</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3717</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО МИД России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2410-2423-2020-2-22-24-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">filnauki-267</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Лингвистика и межкультурная коммуникация</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LINGUISTICS AND INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Язык как мир и мир как язык наблюдателя: на пути к экспериенциальному подходу к  лингвистическим явлениям</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LANGUAGE  AS  THE  OBSERVER’S  WORLD   AND  THE  WORLD  AS  THE  OBSERVER’S  LANGUAGE:    TOWARDS  AN  EXPERIENTIAL  APPROACH  TO  LINGUISTIC  PHENOMENA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дружинин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Druzhinin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дружинин Андрей Сергеевич— кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры английского языка № 3.  </p><p>Сфера интересов: эпистемология, когнитивная лингвистика, экспериенцальная лингвистика. </p><p>119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Druzhinin A.S. − PhD, Associate Professor at Department of English Language № 3. Spheres of research and professional interest: epistemology, cognitive linguistics, experiential linguistics. </p><p>76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey.druzhinin.89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дружинин А.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дружинин А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Druzhinin A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://philnauki.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/267">https://philnauki.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/267</self-uri><abstract><p>Одной из важных целей лингвистической науки, несомненно, является осмысление генеративных механизмов языка, а именно исследование причин и следствий смыслопорождения в речемыслительных процессах. В данной статье предлагается синтетический взгляд на эпистемологическую проблему наблюдателя как лингводеятеля и когнитивного агента, конструирующего свой мир в языке и свой язык в мире (М. Мерло-Понти). С опорой на лингвофилософию энактивизма (Ф. Варела, Э. Томпсон, Э. Рош) и радикального конструктивизма (Э. фон Глазерсфельд, У. Матурана) приводится ряд аргументов против позиции объективного реализма и репрезентационизма, популярных в традиционном языкознании. Утверждается, что объективность – это языковая иллюзия наблюдателя, возникающая в результате абстрагирующего и рефлексивного мышления, когда перцептуальные объекты становятся “как если бы перцептуальными” (ср. реальность Als ob Г. Файхингера), т.е. именованиями, которые замещают тот или иной эмпирический материал. Любое сенсомоторное “событие” может превратиться в опыт наблюдателя и генерировать воображаемый материал благодаря когнитивным операциям и операциям над результатами этих операций. Язык, таким образом, – это сложный процесс, обусловливающий существование наблюдателя: это конструирование опыта в сенсомоторике и эмоционально-волевой тональности абстрактно-рефлексивных операций. Никакое языковое значение, тем самым, нельзя рассматривать только как умственную или эмотивную категорию; семантика языка имеет экспериенциальную природу и её изучение целесообразно проводить в парадигме эмпирической методологии, а не (только) в рамках текстологического и логико-семантического анализа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Beyond doubt, one of the main concerns of linguistics is an understanding of the generative mechanisms underlying language behavior and speech production. The article offers a synthetic view on the epistemological problem of the observer as a cognitive agent and languager constructing his/her own world in language and his/her own language in the world (Merleau-Ponty). With reference to the lingvophilosophy of radical constructivism and enactivism, the author makes a case against the objectivist, realist and representationalist stances popular in mainstream linguistics. It is claimed that objectivity is the linguistic illusion of the observer which emerges through abstractions and reflections wherein perceptual objects become ‘as-if perceptual’ (cf. Vaihinger ‘Als ob reality’), i.e. reference frames re-presenting (substituting) this or that empirical material. Any sensorimotor interaction may become part of the observer’s experience to generate imaginative material in cognitive operations and operations upon the results of these operations. Language is thus a condition for the existence of the observer: it is emotive experience construction from the sensory material in and through abstractions and reflections. Outside or beyond this experience the observer as a subject and subject-matter does not make sense. This is why semantics, concepts and meanings of words, can be considered as a human’s way and domain of acting all in one.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>абстракция</kwd><kwd>рефлексия</kwd><kwd>объективная реальность</kwd><kwd>когнитивный агент</kwd><kwd>мысле-действие</kwd><kwd>эффект наблюдателя</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>abstraction</kwd><kwd>reflection</kwd><kwd>objective reality</kwd><kwd>cognitive agent</kwd><kwd>act of thinking</kwd><kwd>observer effect</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Выготский Л.С. Мышление и речь. М.: Государственное социально-экономическое издательство, 1934. 324 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vygotskii L.S. Myshlenie i rech’ [Thinking and Speech]. 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