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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">filnauki</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Филологические науки в МГИМО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Journal of Language Research and Teaching</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-2423</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3717</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО МИД России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2410-2423-2023-3-36-82-105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">filnauki-476</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ РЕДКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ И ПИСЬМЕННОСТЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDIES IN RARE LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Системы количественных числительных в языках мира</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Systems of cardinal numerals in languages around the world</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Васильевич Петров – независимый исследователь из г. Калиниграда</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel Petrov is an independent researcher from Kaliningrad.</p><p>Kaliningrad</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavelpetrov2000@yahoo.com</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петров П.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петров П.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrov P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://philnauki.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/476">https://philnauki.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/476</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью настоящей статьи является углубленное раскрытие многообразия систем счисления разных народов, которое проявляется как в лексических различиях или сходстве терминов, используемых для числительных, так и во множестве операционных схем для абстрактной нумерации. В процессе коммуникации носители языков с разными системами счёта сталкиваются с трудностью перевода лексики, выражающей количество, то есть числительных. Привычная десятичная система также не лишена неожиданных особенностей. В работе анализируются различные сложные системы счёта с точки зрения как лексики, так и концептуальных методов, используемых разными народами. Материалом для исследования служат многочисленные примеры, собранные из научной литературы. В работе используется компаративный метод, чтобы показать, как чрезвычайно изобретательны были представители разных цивилизаций в определении количества. Особое внимание уделено феномену использования конкретных понятий, таких как руки, пальцы и животные, для создания абстрактных систем счёта. На примере числительных некоторых языков австронезийской семьи прослеживается целый ассоциативный ряд, показывающий, как в древности соответствующие народы дали понятию количества простые и наглядные определения. Основным результатом исследования является сравнение более чем 20 различных систем счисления. Обилие примеров обосновывает мысль о том, как неожиданно многообразны и оригинальны были методы счёта, использовавшиеся предками разных народов. Многие из них до сих пор сохраняются их потомками и даже невольно проникли в современную технологическую цивилизацию. Настоящая статья также дополняется обзором систем присвоения имён детям по порядку их рождения в нескольких языках народов Индо-Tихоокеанского региона и Америки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper is an in-depth discussion of the diversity of counting systems developed by different peoples, which manifests itself both in lexical differences/similarities of the terms used for numerals, and in diverse operational schemes for the abstract numbering of things. The goal of the study was to bind together and clarify the variety of the counting systems that were found. During communication, speakers of languages with different counting systems face the difficulty of translating words which describe quantity, i.e. numerals. The widely used decimal system is also not devoid of surprising features. The present study focused on analysing various complex systems of counting in terms of both vocabulary and conceptual methods used by different peoples. The research data collected from academic literature provide numerous examples. The comparative method is used to show how extraordinarily inventable different civilizations were in approaching the problem of defining quantity. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of using specific things, such as hands, fingers, and animal names, to create counting systems. A case study of the numerals of some Austronesian languages demonstrates that a whole associative row can be traced, revealing that long ago respective peoples solidified the abstract concept of quantity into simple and clear definitions based on real things. The main result of the study is a comparison of more than 20 counting systems. The abundance of examples substantiates the idea of how many unexpectedly different and original numbering methods were used by the ancestors of different peoples and how many of them are still supported by their descendants and even unwittingly ensconced in the modern technological civilization. This paper is also supplemented by a review of the systems of birth-order names for children in several languages of the Indo-Pacific region and America.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>количественные числительные</kwd><kwd>системы счёта</kwd><kwd>цифра</kwd><kwd>австронезийские языки</kwd><kwd>имена по порядку рождения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardinal numerals</kwd><kwd>counting system</kwd><kwd>digit</kwd><kwd>Austronesian languages</kwd><kwd>birth-order names</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев М.Е. Вопросы сравнительно-исторической грамматики лезгинских языков. Морфология. Синтаксис. М.: Наука, 1985. 157 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev, M. Voprosy Sravnitel’no-Istoricheskoy Grammatiki Lezginskikh Iazykov. Morfologiia. 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