<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">filnauki</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Филологические науки в МГИМО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Journal of Language Research and Teaching</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-2423</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3717</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО МИД России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-108-119</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">filnauki-488</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Литературоведение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE AND LINGUOCULTURAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Relevanter inhalt des grundlegenden wertes LIEBE in der Deutschen sprachkultur</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Relevant content of the basic value Liebe / love in the German linguoculture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6576-4111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Khlopova</surname><given-names>А. I.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlopova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Anna I. Khlopova, Dr., Doz., Dozentin des Lehrstuhls für Lexikologie und Stilistik der deutschen Sprache, Fakultät für die deutsche Sprache, Moskauer Staatliche Linguistische Universität (Moskau, Russland). Interessen: Germanistik, Psycholinguistik</p><p>38, Ostozhenka, Moskau, 119034</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna I. Khlopova, PhD (Linguistics), is Associate Professor of the Department of Lexicology and Stylistics of the German Language, Faculty of the German Language</p><p>38, Ostozhenka, Moscow, 119034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chlopova_anna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Moskauer Staatliche Linguistische Universität</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Linguistic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Khlopova А.I., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Khlopova А.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khlopova A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://philnauki.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/488">https://philnauki.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/488</self-uri><abstract><p>Das Untersuchungsobjekt ist das assoziative Feld „Liebe“, das denselben grundlegenden Wert repräsentiert. Der Untersuchungsgegenstand ist der psychologisch relevante Inhalt des Wertes sowie die inhaltliche Dynamik des Grundwertes, die sich in der Art des Assoziierens widerspiegelt. Das Ziel der Studie besteht darin, den psychologisch relevanten Inhalt des Grundwerts Liebe in der deutschen Sprachkultur zu ermitteln. Als Hauptforschungsmethode wird das freie Assoziieren verwendet. Das freie Assoziieren wurde 2022 mit den deutschen Muttersprachlern im Alter von 17 bis 23 Jahren in Vechta, Potsdam, Baden-Baden und Freiburg durchgeführt. Auf das Reizwort Liebe folgten 200 Reaktionen, die wir entsprechend der Forschungsmethodik in Begriffe, Vorstellungen, emotional- bewertende Einfälle, formale Einfälle und kulturelle Einfälle teilen. Die Forschung basiert auf einem Vergleich von Daten aus den lexikografischen Quellen und Daten des freien Assoziierens. Der Autor überprüft die erhaltenen Ergebnisse mithilfe eines inversen freien Assoziierens. Der praktische Wert der Studie besteht in der Möglichkeit, die entwickelte Methodik zur Bestimmung von Dynamik der Werte in der soziologischen Forschung anzuwenden und die Ergebnisse beim Unterrichten der interkulturellen Kommunikation, der Ethnopsycholinguistik usw. anzuwenden. Die erhaltenen Daten können für das Verfassen verschiedener Lehrwerke verwendet werden. Die Ergebnisse der Studie haben gezeigt, dass der Wert Liebe für die deutschen Muttersprachler relevant und bedeutsam ist. Darüber hinaus wird diese Idee in vielfältigen Vorstellungen umgesetzt, die die individuelle Erfahrung der Befragten widerspiegeln. Die Relevanz des Wertes „Liebe“ wird anhand der Daten des inversen assoziativen Experiments bewiesen. Allerdings ändert sich die Bedeutung des Wertes Liebe: Liebe ist für die Befragten mit den anderen Werten eng verbunden: Vertrauen, Loyalität, Harmonie, Aufmerksamkeit, Zärtlichkeit gegenüber einer anderen Person. Für die Befragten hat es auch eine positive Konnotation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The object of the research is the associative field of Liebe / love, representing the same basic value, the subject is the psychologically relevant content of the value, as well as the content dynamics of the basic value, reflected in the nature of the associates. The aim of the study is to establish the psychologically relevant content of the basic value of Liebe / love in the German linguoculture. A free associative experiment is used as the main research method. The experiment was conducted with representatives of the German linguoculture at the age from 17 to 23 in Vechta, Potsdam, Baden-Baden and Freiburg in 2022. The stimulus word Liebe was followed by 200 reactions, which we are going to share in accordance with the research methodology for reaction-concepts, reactions-representations, emotional-evaluative reactions, formal and cultural reactions. The research is based on sequential comparison of data from lexicographic sources (including etymological sources) and data from a free associative experiment. The author verifies the obtained results using an inverse associative experiment. Research data can be used in sociological research, in teaching translation studies, intercultural communication, cultural linguistics, ethnopsycholinguistics, in a practical course of the first foreign language (German), in a workshop on the culture of verbal communication, etc. The obtained data can be used in the development of various types of educational manuals and educational reference books. The results of the study have shown that the concept Liebe / love is relevant and significant for representatives of the German linguoculture. Moreover, it is realized in a variety of reactions-representations reflecting the individual experience of respondents. The relevance of this concept is verified by the data of the inverse associative experiment. However, the meaning of the concept Liebe / love, which represents the basic value, changes: the correlation between love and the object of love becomes relevant. Liebe / love unites other value characteristics for the respondents: trust, loyalty, harmony, attention, tenderness towards another person on the basis of common value integrative characteristics. It also has a positive connotation for the respondents.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Grundwert</kwd><kwd>psychologisch relevanter Inhalt</kwd><kwd>das freie Assoziieren</kwd><kwd>inverses freies Assoziieren</kwd><kwd>deutsche Sprachkultur</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>basic value</kwd><kwd>psychologically relevant content</kwd><kwd>associative experiment</kwd><kwd>inverse associative experiment</kwd><kwd>German linguoculture</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Адамова З.Г. «Кенул барбыттар», или содержание понятия кенул ‘свобода’ в сознании якутских студентов / З. Г. Адамова // Языковое наследие коренных народов Якутии в историко-культурном измерении: Материалы Региональной научно-практической конференции, посвящённой 100-летию образования Якутской АССР, Якутск, 15 февраля 2022 года. Якутск: Институт гуманитарных исследований и проблем малочисленных народов Севера Сибирского отделения РАН, 2022. С. 150-157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adamova, Z.G. «Kenul barbyttar», ili soderzhanie ponyatiya kenul ‘svoboda’ v soznanii yakutskih studentov [“Kenul barbyttar”, or the content of the concept kenul ‘freedom’ in the minds of Yakut students]. Iazykovoe nasledie korennykh narodov Iakutii v istoriko-kul’turnom izmerenii: Materialy Regional’noj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferentsii, posviashchennoj 100-letiiu obrazovaniia Iakutskoj ASSR, Iakutsk, 15 fevralia 2022 goda. Iakutsk: Institut gumanitarnykh issledovanij i problem malochislennykh narodov Severa Sibirskogo otdeleniia RAN, 2022. P. 150–157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Адамова З.Г. Экспериментальное психолингвистическое исследование ценности демократия (на материале якутского языка) / З. Г. Адамова, Д. И. Чиркоева // Сравнительно-сопоставительное изучение тюркских языков: Материалы II Международной научно-практической конференции, посвящённой 70-летию со дня рождения известного тюрколога, общественного деятеля, кандидата филологических наук, доцента Ю. И. Васильева-Дьаргыстай, Якутск, 16 декабря 2022 года / Сост.: И. Ю. Васильев, Д. И. Чиркоева, М. П. Попова [и др.]. Якутск: Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М. К. Аммосова, 2022. С. 39-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adamova, Z.G. Eksperimental’noe psikholingvisticheskoe issledovanie tsennosti “demokratiia” (na materiale iakutskogo iazyka) [Experimental psycholinguistic study of the value “democracy” (based on the Iakut language)]. Sravnitel’no-sopostavitel’noe izuchenie tyurkskikh iazykov: Materialy II Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferentsii, posviashchennoj 70-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia izvestnogo tiurkologa, obshchestvennogo deiatelia, kandidata filologicheskkih nauk, dotsenta YU.I. Vasil’eva-D’argystaj, YAkutsk, 16 dekabria 2022 goda / Sost.: I.YU. Vasil’ev, D.I. Chirkoeva, M.P. Popova [i dr.]. Iakutsk: Severo-Vostochny federal’ny universitet imeni M.K. Ammosova, 2022. P. 39–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Залевская А.А. Двойная жизнь значения слова и возможности её исследования: теоретическое и экспериментальное исследование / А. А. Залевская. Saarbrücken: Palmarium Academic Publishing, 2012. 278 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zalevskaya, A.A. Dvoynaia zhizn’ znacheniia slova i vozmozhnosti ee issledovaniia: teoreticheskoe i eksperimental’noe issledovanie [The double life of the meaning of a word and the possibilities of its study: theoretical and experimental research]. Saarbrücken, Palmarium Academic Publishing, 2012. 278 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Караулов Ю.Н. Лингвистическое конструирование и тезаурус литературного языка / Ю. Н. Караулов. М.: Наука, 1981. 367 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karaulov, Yu. N. Lingvisticheskoe konstruirovanie i tezaurus literaturnogo iazyka. [Linguistic Construction and the Thesaurus of the Literary Language]. Moscow. Nauka. 1981. 367 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леонтьев А.А. Основы психолингвистики / А. А. Леонтьев. М.: Смысл, 2005. 310 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leont’ev, A.A. Osnovy psikholingvistiki [Fundamentals of psycholinguistics]. Moscow: Smysl. 2005. 310 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пищальникова В.А. Прогностический аспект психолингвистического исследования значения слова / В. А. Пищальникова // Вестник Московского государственного лингвистического университета. Гуманитарные науки. 2023. № 2(870). С. 49-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pishchal’nikova, V.A. Prognosticheskiy aspekt psikholingvisticheskogo issledovaniia znacheniia slova [Predictive aspect of psycholinguistic study of word meaning]. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo lingvisticheskogo universiteta. Gumanitarnye nauki. 2023. № 2(870). P. 49–56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пищальникова В.А. Ассоциативное поле как база исследования потенциальных значений слов / В.А. Пищальникова // Уральский филологический вестник. Серия: Язык. Система. Личность: Лингвистика креатива. 2022. № 2. С. 303-317.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pishchal’nikova, V.A. Assotsiativnoe pole kak baza issledovaniia potentsial’nykh znacheniy slov [The associative field as a basis for studying the potential meanings of words]. Ural’skij filologicheskij vestnik. Seriia: Iazyk. Sistema. Lichnost’: Lingvistika kreativa. 2022. № 2. P. 303–317.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пищальникова В.А. Экспериментальные методики верификации данных ассоциативного поля / В. А. Пищальникова, А. И. Хлопова // Гуманитарные науки. Вестник МГЛУ. М.: РЕМА, 2019. №4 (820). С. 38–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pishchal’nikova, V.A. Eksperimental’nye metodiki verifikatsii dannykh assotsiativnogo polia [Experimental methods of verifying associative field data]/ V.A. Pishchal’nikova, A.I. Khlopova A. I. // Gumanitarnye nauki. Vestnik MGLU. Moscow, REMA. №4 (820), 2019. P. 38–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хлопова А.И. Сопоставление базовой ценности «Harmonie / гармония» в немецкой и русской лингвокультурах / А. И. Хлопова // Этнопсихолингвистика. 2023. № 1(12). С. 54-67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khlopova, A.I. Sopostavlenie bazovoy tsennosti «Harmonie / garmoniia» v nemeckoy i russkoy lingvokul’turakh [Comparison of the basic value “Harmonie / harmony” in German and Russian linguistic cultures]. Etnopsiholingvistika. 2023. № 1(12). P. 54–67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хлопова А.И. Сопоставление базовой ценности “родина” в немецкой и русской лингвокультурах / А. И. Хлопова // Филологические науки. Вопросы теории и практики. 2023. Т. 16, № 1. С. 321–327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khlopova, A.I. Sopostavlenie bazovoy tsennosti “rodina” v nemetskoy i russkoy lingvokul’turahh [Comparison of the basic value “homeland” in German and Russian linguistic cultures]. Filologicheskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki. 2023. T. 16, № 1. P. 321–327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Der erste Brief des Johannes, Kapitel 4. https://bible.bhttps://www.uibk.ac.at/theol/leseraum/bibel/1joh4.htmly/verse/48/4/16/ (Accessed 1 Mai 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Der erste Brief des Johannes, Kapitel 4 [The first letter of John, chapter 4], https://bible.bhttps://www.uibk.ac.at/theol/leseraum/bibel/1joh4.htmly/verse/48/4/16/ (Accessed 1 Mai 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DUDEN. Universalwörterbuch. http://www.duden.de/Shop/Das-Wörterbuch-der-sprachlichen-Zweifelsfälle?affiliate_id=318 (Accessed 1 Mai 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DUDEN. Universalwörterbuch [Universal dictionary], http://www.duden.de/Shop/Das-Wörterbuch-der-sprachlichen-Zweifelsfälle?affiliate_id=318 (Accessed 1 Mai 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DUDEN. Das Synonymwörterbuch. Berlin: Dudenverlag. 2014. 1136 S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DUDEN. Das Synonymwörterbuch [Dictionary of synonyms]. Berlin: Dudenverlag, 2014.1136 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inglehart R., Baker W. Modernization, Cultural Change and the Persistence of Traditional Values / R. Inglehart, W. Baker. New York: American Sociological Review, 2000. P. 19–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inglehart, R., Baker, W. Modernization, Cultural Change and the Persistence of Traditional Values. New York, American Sociological Review, 2000. P. 19–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kluskhohn S. Values and Value Orientations in the Theory of Action. Toward a General Theory of Action / ed. by T. Parsons, E. Shils. Cambridge, 1951. P. 388–433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kluskhohn, S. Values and Value Orientations in the Theory of Action. Toward a General Theory of Action / ed. by T. Parsons, E. Shils. Cambridge, 1951. P. 388–433.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lay R. Die neue Redlichkeit. Werte für unsere Zukunft / R. Lay. Frankfurt am Main: Campus-Verl, 2006. 253 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lay, R. Die neue Redlichkeit. Werte für unsere Zukunft. [The new honesty. Values for our future]. Frankfurt am Main, Campus-Verl. 2006, 253 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller G.A. Language and Communication / G. A. Miller. New York: McGRAW. HILL BOOK COMPANY, INC, 1951. 298 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller, G.A. Language and Communication. New York, McGRAW – HILL BOOK COMPANY, INC, 1951. 298 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osgood Сh.E. Cross-cultural universals of affective meaning / Ch. E. Osgood, W. H. May, M. S. Miron. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1975. 198 P.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osgood, Сh. E., May, W. H., Miron M. S. Cross-cultural universals of affective meaning. Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1975. 198 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pfeifer W. Etymologisches Wörterbuch. https://www.dwds.de/wb/Liebe (Accessed 1 Mai 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pfeifer, W. Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Etymological dictionary], https://www.dwds.de/wb/Liebe (Accessed 1 Mai 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reiss S. Who Am I? / S. Reiss // The 16 basic desires that motivate our actions and define our personalities. New York: Tarcher/ Putnum, 2000. 361 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reiss, S. Who Am I?. The 16 basic desires that motivate our actions and define our personalities. New York, Tarcher/Putnum, 2000. 361 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schlecht K. Werte. https://www.karl-schlecht.de/fileadmin/daten/karl_schlecht/Werte/pdf/021111_Def_Werte.pdf (Accessed 1 Mai 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schlecht, K. Werte [Values], https://www.karl-schlecht.de/fileadmin/daten/karl_schlecht/Werte/pdf/021111_Def_Werte.pdf (Accessed 1 Mai 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz Sh. Value orientations: Measurement, antecedents and consequences across nations / Sh. Schwarz // Measuring attitudes crossnationally: Lessons from the European Social Survey. / ed. By R. Jowell, C. Roberts, R. Fitzgerald, G. Eva. London: Sage, 2006. P. 169–203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz, Sh. Value orientations: Measurement, antecedents and consequences across nations. Measuring attitudes cross nationally: Lessons from the European Social Survey. / ed. By R. Jowell, C. Roberts, R. Fitzgerald, G. Eva. London, Sage, 2006. P. 169–203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wahrig. Deutsches Wörterbuch. Gütersloh / München: Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag GMBH, 1986. 1493 S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wahrig. Deutsches Wörterbuch [German dictionary]. Gütersloh / München: Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag GMBH, 1986. 1493 S.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Werte 21. Enzyklopädie der Wertevorstellungen. https://werteland.com/enzyklopaedie/liebe (Accessed 1 Mai 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Werte 21. Enzyklopädie der Wertevorstellungen [Encyclopedia of values], https://werteland.com/enzyklopaedie/liebe (Accessed 1 Mai 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wörterbuch der deutschen Gegenwartssprache. 1969, https://www.dwds.de/wb/Liebe#etymwb-1 (Accessed 1 Mai 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wörterbuch der deutschen Gegenwartssprache [Dictionary of modern German]. 1969, https://www.dwds.de/wb/Liebe#etymwb-1 (Accessed 1 Mai 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
