PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AS THE OBJECTIVE BASIS FOR IMPROVING SPELLING OF THE WORDS (FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF A SOUND-LETTER STANDARD IN CHINESE PUTONGHUA)

Abstract

A phonological system is the objective basis of a human language sound system. Each language has a unique phonological system of its own. Th phonological system of the Russian language is determined by the сonsonant dominant whereas Chinese − by the vocal one. Ths is the fundamental diffrence of two phonological systems reflcted in spelling (orthogramma) of the words in Russian and Chinese. Th spelling of the Russian words is characterized by a combination of consonants (вздрогнуть «flnch», брызг «splashes»), whereas in Chinese it is characterized by a combination of vowels (guǎi “turn”, kuài “piece”). Th comparison of the phonemic structures in Russian and Chinese allows one to reveal some common features: a sound variety of words is provided by a maximum of fie derivatives of phonological zeros, which phonetically in Russian and Chinese languages are implemented by weak vowels. Weak vowels diffrentiate phonemic word series; also, they can provide speech realization of the proceeding consonant. Weak vowels in this case are generalized by the derivative phonological zeros and correspond to a zero phoneme.