NECESSITY AND POSSIBILITY OF ADAPTATION OF SOCIO-POLITICAL TEXTS WHEN TRANSLATING FROM GERMAN INTO RUSSIAN

Abstract

Translation, as a kind of linguistic mediation, is the process of creating a text in the language of translation that shall be equivalent in terms of communication to the text in the original language. In this ideal case, the text of the translation should have the same emotional impact on the information recipients as the original one. However, in practice this is not always possible, due to various reasons of linguistic and extralinguistic nature. In order to achieve communicative equality, texts in different languages are subjected to adaptation. The significance and role of adaptation increase with respect to the texts containing national-specific elements. The texts on a political subject can be rightly referred to such ones. In German, they are distinguished by the presence of emotionally colored vocabulary and politically engaged units, for example, deonims, derived from the names of politicians (merkeln, Merkelianer, vor sich hin merkeln, Vermerkelung, etc.). The appearance of such words in the German language is connected with the actual events of social and political life, and from the linguistic point of view − due to the euphony of the producing basis. Native speakers hardly experience any difficulty in “deciphering” such names, because they are familiar with cultural markers-specific individuals and the situation associated with the emergence of a new word. Difficulties arise when translating such texts into Russian, since the deonim is a means of secondary nomination and does not have an equivalent in the language of translation. In this regard the question of the possible adaptation of the original text in the process of translation and its boundaries is of specific interest.