This publication is the first part of the paper dedicated to the aspects of the logical analysis of the forms of grammatical modality in the Portuguese language. It takes into consideration the general nature of the modality. A difference between speech modality and linguistic modality is drawn. The grammatical modality includes those forms of it that are fixed in the morphology of the word. Forms of nominative modality (for nouns) and forms of predicative (verbal) modality are distinguished. The types of nominative modality are differentiated on the basis of the article. The types of predicative modality are represented by moods of the verb. Functionally, modality does not participate in the semantic representation, does not carry a denotative function, but at the same time it is a tool for controlling the logical form of the thought. The article controls the form of the concept (notion); the mood controls the form of judgment (proposition). Some Portuguese examples are given to demonstrate the logical function of the article accompanying the noun in speech accentuating the inner opposition between extensional and intensional features of substantive meaning. The verbal mood regulates the truth function of the sentence. The truth function of a sentence in Portuguese is marked by the forms of four verbal moods, which are characterized as follows: absolutely true (Modo Indicativo), absolutely untrue (Modo Imperativo), conditionally true (Modo Conditional) and conditionally untrue (Modo Conjuntivo/Subjuntivo). The truth function of a sentence depends on the logical correlation of the sentence with the surrounding sentences. On this basis, the paper introduces the concept of modal taxis. The modal taxis is seen as parallel to the temporal taxis. The temporal taxis means a contextual coordination between the sentences based on the semantic of tenses. In the modal taxis the verb takes a modal form according to its logical relation with other sentence. The independent and dependent types of modal taxis are distinguished; forms of modal coordination in each of the types of modal taxis are investigated. The article may be of interest to specialists in the field of general linguistics, theoretical grammar, Romance linguistics and Portuguese studies.

Currently, the spheres of the economy are expanding, which is reflected in the more frequent use of borrowed economic vocabulary in discourse. There are a number of ways to effectively influence the recipient of information. The role of advertising in this case plays an important role. It should be noted here that in the language of everyday communication, speech types combine various kinds of borrowings. It is they that penetrate into the discourse, are fixed in the lexical and semantic system of the language. The role of economic discourse in the creation of trade advertising should be noted. The renewal of compatibility and the appearance of figurative meanings in common economic terms have become a linguistic feature of the modern era.

In the economic discourse we are studying, numerous possibilities of language are used to achieve goals, that is, various techniques, special words, expressions and sentences. Such a language has an impact on people, their relationships and behavior. In turn, commercial advertising, as one of the branches of economic discourse, usually consists of simple sentences. The purpose of commercial advertising is to fix the expression chosen for a particular brand in the memory of a person who wants to purchase this product. Obviously, simple uncomplicated sentences are easier to remember. Advertising should essentially be as concise, clear, and transparent as possible. Therefore, most of them are singlepart sentences.

Discourse is a text in a certain communicative situation. In addition to the original words, there are also loanwords in it, which should be distinguished from terms and neologisms. The former can be borrowed and indigenous, inherent only in one particular language. A necessary requirement for the term, as well as its dignity, is its unambiguity. As for borrowed words, synonymy is quite acceptable when switching from one language to another. At the same time, becoming fixed in one language and replenishing its lexical fund, borrowed vocabulary becomes familiar to its speakers, it becomes part of any stylistic layer and thus no longer perceived as a neologism.

In our case, most of these are anglicisms, which have an unusual structure and play an important role in the economic discourse reflecting commercial advertising. From the economists’ point of view, advertising is a kind of a marker of a product being advertised for sale, and for linguists it is a specific form of language functioning. But it is from these two positions that advertising with native and borrowed words attract attention. The analysis of English borrowings functioning in Russian economic discourse is the objective of this article.

It dictates the formulation and solution of the following tasks: 1) to determine the criteria for the expediency of using English-language borrowings in the Russian language; 2) to identify ways of interpreting the meanings of borrowed words. The article analyzes variations of borrowed lexemes of words and their interpretation in connection with the division into separate categories.

The article is devoted to the study of set expressions in the Spanish language, one of the components of which is the lexical unit mayor or menor, from the point of view of identifying their linguistic features when used in various functional styles of speech. The lexical units mayor and menor, which have the dictionary meaning of “greater” or “smaller”, acquire additional connotations in the composition of various phrases, on which their translation into Russian largely depends. The work considers the most commonly used set expressions fixed in the phraseological dictionary. The source of the study were texts of various genres characteristic of each style of speech: the Constitutions of Spain and Latin American countries, codes, laws, decrees, regulations, orders, contracts, agreements, business letters, works of Spanish-language fiction, texts of periodicals, articles, essays, reviews, conversations, interviews, blogs and comments on social networks. When analyzing stable expressions that actively function in the Spanish language, their semantic meaning is indicated, and their stylistic affiliation is determined.

The study presents a classification of stable phrases with the components mayor / menor based on grammatical features, describes their lexical component, determines the component composition, and analyzes the evaluative connotation, functional and stylistic potential.

The article studies language means in the field of Spanish stylistics and phraseology, which are of scientific interest to Hispanists in matters of identifying the national and cultural specificity of the Spanish language. The work also provides a brief overview of the history of linguistic research on stylistics in Spain and Russia, notes the importance of the functional direction of stylistic research, presents functional styles of speech and speech genres characteristic of them.

All the studied set expressions are used in texts of various genres inherent in the functional styles of speech in the Spanish language, while each of them, due to its semantic and stylistic features, is used mainly in a certain style.

The study of stylistic possibilities of set expressions with the components mayor / menor helps to identify genre features of texts characteristic of different functional styles of speech, and to determine the features of the formation of the linguistic picture of the world of Spanish-speaking peoples.

The article may be useful for philologists, specialists in the field of Spanish studies, teachers of Spanish, students studying Spanish.

Precedent phenomena act as a tool of informing and influencing the addressee in the media space. The aim of the article is to examine the functioning of precedent phenomena as a means of representing current events in media discourse. The relevance of the research is determined by the widespread use of precedent phenomena in mass media. Concepts of precedent phenomena represent a mental image of a stereotypical situation, which reflects the results of human cognition of the surrounding reality. In modern media texts, the peripheral layer is transformed under the influence of the extralinguistic context, while the nuclear layer of the conceptual component of the concept remains unchanged. The value and figurative (metaphorical) components of precedent phenomena related to associations at the diachronic level contribute to the expansion of the notional component of the concept when representing current events at the synchronic level. The article proposes an algorithm for the study of the verbalized concepts “fifth column”, “great game”, “iron curtain”, “cold war”, “road map”, “Pearl Harbor”, which, in the form of perception invariants, are included in the cognitive base of most linguistic and cultural communities. The sources of the research material were the texts of the quality English language press in the period of 2022-2023. To accomplish the task, the following methods are applied: discourse analysis, cognitive analysis, and diachronic analysis. The discourse analysis explicates the meaning of the precedent phenomenon at the synchronic level, taking into account nonlinguistic factors (political and socio-cultural context). Cognitive analysis defines the value component of the concept, which includes subjective modalities (axiological, emotive, deontic). An axiological modality is a rational (positive or negative) assessment of an event. Emotional evaluation is the result of a sensual reaction to a fragment of the world around. The deontic modality is connected with the normative worldview of the society that regulates the behavior of people in the community and the interaction of states in the global world. Diachronic analysis reveals the origin of the precedent phenomenon and defines its value and figurative (metaphorical) aspects, as well as the core layer of the concept. The proposed algorithm of analyzing verbalized concepts can be helpful for professionals in the field of cognitive linguistics, media linguistics, and political linguistics. The investigated precedent phenomena as dynamically evolving and transforming concepts may be of interest for further detailed study.

The article analyzes the possibilities of using small-format texts of various discourses in the practice of teaching translation and interpretation for professional purposes. The authors consider the possibilities of using small-format texts various types (texts of social and commercial advertising, posters, synopses, trailers and shorts of authentic films, cartoons, messages in social networks, texts of news briefs. etc.) as new types of authentic texts used for the purpose of teaching translation and interpretation to students of various specialties. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of using small-format texts in the practice of teaching French as a foreign language to students of various specialties. In the course of considering this issue, we paid the main attention to the selection criteria for small-format texts used for educational purposes, as well as the development of a set of exercises based on the use of small-format texts in translation training (using the French language as an example). The research methodology includes the methods of discourse analysis, content analysis and the method of continuous sampling for the selection of research materials (small-format texts), the linguocultural method for assessing the educational potential of the small-format texts under consideration, as well as the method of compiling exercises to develop a set of multidirectional exercises for teaching students translation techniques and methods in the professional sphere. We used the method of verification and validation of question-answer forms to develop a questionnaire, which is a consistent approbation and development of a questionnaire, to obtain adequate survey data to assess the quality of the small-format texts implementation in translation teaching practice. As a result of the study, the authors developed a set of methodological recommendations for the use and selection of small-format texts applicable for educational purposes, as well as a set of exercises using small-format texts of various discursive genesis, applied at different stages of the lesson. This study may be of interest to researchers and practicing teachers in the field of teaching foreign languages in general and the French language in particular, teaching translation and interpretation for special purposes, and university teachers from the point of view of using new types of authentic texts in the practice of teaching and training and translation practice.

The article aims to analyze the translations of Sergei Dovlatov’s novella “Pushkin Hills” into Spanish (Argentine national version) and Portuguese (Brazilian national version). In both countries, the translations were published in 2016; these were the first publications of Dovlatov’s works in a separate book in Latin America. Based on the comparative text analysis within the communicativefunctional approach framework, the strategies of translating the novella as a “text of culture” according to the concept of Yury Lotman are investigated, taking into account its inherent intertextuality and allusions to the figure of the poet Alexandre Pushkin and the Soviet Pushkin myth. According to the myth, which had developed by the 1970s, Pushkin appears in the mass consciousness as an ideal man with an impeccable biography, whose facial features and program works are well known to any Soviet schoolchild. In Dovlatov’s work, the Pushkin Museum-Reserve appears as a kind of the “Soviet Pushkin” pantheon, which has little to do with the real poet, and where staff and tourists bow before Pushkin with an almost religious fervor. The main instrument of the Soviet myth’s deconstruction is the author’s irony, which appeals to implicit knowledge, absent in the bearer of another culture. Such semantic load makes the translator’s task much more difficult.

Due to the peculiarities of the comic effects associated with Pushkin’s myth, as well as the focus of the author’s irony on the recipient of the translation, the popular strategy of domestication, i.e. adapting humor to the culture of translation, turns out to be inapplicable. As demonstrated by the analysis, despite the ignorance of the original text’s culture realities by native speakers of different cultures, the translators managed to largely convey the linguistic and cultural uniqueness of the novella thanks to the preface, introducing the reader to Pushkin’s myth, and comments.

This study investigates the application of microlearning as a teaching method that enhances the effectiveness of foreign language education. With the increasing demand for innovative approaches in language teaching, driven by the digitalisation and technologisation of education and society, it is important to understand how microlearning impacts the cognitive functions of students: attention, concentration, and memory. The purpose of the research is to analyse microlearning from the perspective of how its application affects these cognitive mechanisms and how it can be effectively incorporated into foreign language lessons to improve overall student performance and formulate a knowledgeable approach to the learning process. To achieve this, a systematic and traditional descriptive literature review followed by qualitative data analysis was used. The research materials encompass scientific and methodological articles from periodicals, accompanied by methodological manuals and manuscripts by Russian and foreign authors. Theoretical and empirical scientific research published in Scopus peer-reviewed publications was also utilised to supplement the research. The outcome of this exploration demonstrates that microlearning generates heightened attentiveness in students when engaging in predefined learning tasks. Consistent integration of the method into foreign language lessons strengthens students’ aptitude to transition into a state of enhanced focus. The analysis verifies the effectiveness of microlearning as a supplemental strategy when integrated into existing curricula and employed in conjunction with conventional foreign language teaching methods, such as communicative methodology and lexical approach, among others. The findings carry particular methodical importance for teachers, augmenting the theoretical base of microlearning research within the context of foreign language education.

This research is devoted to the images of personalities in the modern world political arena from the point of view of linguistic analysis. The purpose of the article is to identify the specific representation features of the dramatic results of the parliamentary elections in Great Britain in the news Internet discourse at the non-verbal level of the text. The study is conducted through cognitive discourse analysis of images and metaphors based on creolized texts. The selected cartoons are attributed to two stretches of time as regards their release dates: the anticipation of the 2024 UK General election and on the date of election (July 4, 2024) or within a month afterwards. The caricatures were classified according to who was featured: Rishi Sunak alone, Keir Starmer alone, or both of them contrasted. The results of the research were obtained by means of a complex 7-step analysis. It is concluded that it is the combination of images / motifs incorporated within one cartoon that might make it especially powerful at leaving its imprint on the target reader. Regardless of the tactics applied by the cartoon authors to formulate the connotative vectors in the sample, one may see that each image / motif is supported by two prominent means. That is metaphorical transference that alters the cartoon space, action or appearance of the politicians so as to converge two differing phenomena of reality and characterise one through another. Allusions to events or previously made utterances are another basis for the sampled cartoons. The essential point that stems from the conducted research is that the English-language cartoons of Rishi Sunak are harsher than the ones of his opponent and concurrently the winner of the election. Although many of them appeal to negative connotations, some still represent Keir Starmer neutrally (e.g. a cleaner) or even positively (e.g. a winner of a sports competition). The inclusion of allusive elements is particularly characteristic of the cartoons representing Keir Starmer.

The theoretical orientation of the article pursues a practical purpose: to embed a sample of contemporary Spanish crime literature in the genre framework and to be able to apply the results obtained in this type of works. The issue of genre attribution in crime literature has not yet been resolved due to the different starting points of numerous approaches: genre genesis, national specifics, gender perspective, stylistics, etc. Our hypothesis consists in the possibility of attributing any sample of modern criminal literature to a certain genre on the basis of unified literary parameters regardless of the national origin of the work. The artistic analysis of Dolores Redondo’s novel «Todo esto te daré» (2016) on the basis of the genre-typological method – is preceded by theoretical sections. In the introduction, the expediency of this study in the light of the influence of publishing practices on the literary component itself is substantiated. The issue of genre determination is often distorted for the sake of commercial success, depriving researchers of the possibility of scientific analysis using unified terms. Turning directly to the subject of the study, we offer a short excursion into the history of Spanish crime literature and into the environment of scholarly reflection on the so-called «noir» – frequent, but lacking terminological nomination. The methodology proposed by N.N. Kirilenko and O.V. Fedunina becomes the main tool for analyzing the text. The consistent «filtering» of the novel through the constant structural features (type of hero, subject structure, chronotope, and compositional forms of speech) allows it to be attributed to the genre of “victim investigation” with some features of a police novel. The search for the genre of a work in a synchronic context is convenient and universal, therefore, firstly, it is applicable to almost all samples of modern criminal literature, and secondly, it can be complementarily combined with other research purposes. So, you can focus on the genesis of the genre or various factors influencing it in the past and present. In any case, for all the mobility and hybrid nature of contemporary crime literature, its samples can be classified according to uniform criteria, which significantly enriches the toolkit for further research.