The article studies analytical word combinations that contain semantically neutral verbalizers in Russian. Verbs with international roots can often be substituted by analytical verbal phrases. The latter are often formed by combining certain lexemes (verbalizers) with nominal components, such as verbal nouns. Most common verbalizers include desemantized verbs. However, they may also include verbs that have preserved their original semantics and overlap with the semantics of the corresponding nominal component. Furthermore, verbs that contribute additional meaning to the semantics of the nominal component may also perform the function of a verbalizer. The relevance of this study is defined by the fact that the phenomenon of lexical internationalization has not yet taken shape as an independent field of linguistic studies.

The article represents a study of nonlinear system of fiction discourse functioning principles as exemplified by the modern American novel ‘’I Am Charlotte Simmons’’ by Tom Wolfe. The discourse communicative paradigm is analyzed in terms of linguosynergetics. In order to examine discourse functional self-organization processes language units are analyzed within the functional-pragmatic approach. Special attention is paid to linguistic realization of fluctuation and bifurcation points in the text as language means denoting an unstable position of the pragma-semantic system. Despite the fact that depending on the author’s intention and other functional attractors defining the direction of sense evolution many linguistic means can represent fluctuation and bifurcation points, precedent phenomena are of special interest. Inseparably connected with outside environment they destabilize the discourse system and facilitate its modification. Cognitive and semantic constituents of precedent phenomena are regarded as a micro level of fictional discourse as they give the text additional meaning and bring new opportunities for text evolution and for its interpretation. Using the example of the extract from the novel the article discloses the interrelation of two discourse subsystems, factors of successful speech tactics and the influence of the environment on the discourse macro level.

The article discusses the phenomenon of metaphorical transfer at cognitive, language and speech levels. From the cognitive point of view, metaphor is described as a mental operation of a person's structuring their epistemic experience (conceptual metaphor), which is reflected in the forms of mental substances as products of the rethinking of concepts and ideas (metaphorical concepts). Such metaphorical concepts are expressed by different language means and in situations of speech “take on” various pragmatic meanings. Using the scripts of public speeches of Great Britain's leading political figures (representatives of the Conservative and Labour parties) the authors analyze the pragmatic peculiarities of realizations of such metaphorical constructions in political discourse. A conclusion is made that the central factor influencing the recipient's understanding and interpretation of the metaphorical meaning is the manipulative strategy exercised by the speaker in order to shape the image of the adversary as opposed to the social and political ideals accepted in this community. The rising interest in the cross-discipline study of speech tactics of impacting the addressee's mind and manipulating their emotional sphere in political communication accounts for the value of the present research in the context of cognitive and linguistic sciences.

The article covers the analysis of the concept ‘possessiveness' and the concepts ‘relationship', ‘subject' and ‘object' from the perspective of cognitive-discursive paradigm. It implies the research of possessive relationship in the unity of the cognitive and linguistic aspects. It helps to reveal cognitive principles and mechanisms of reflection of possessive relations in human mind, on the one hand, and to determine the specificity and mechanisms of formation of possessive meanings in speech, on the other. The aim of the article is to identify the specific characteristics of the concept ‘possessiveness', as well as to explore possible possessive meanings formed by language means during communication. In other words, the study of the conceptualization of possessive relations focuses on determination of the conceptual structure, on reconstruction of the concept ‘possessiveness', and its analysis. The following methods are the most appropriate to achieve the objectives of this study: conceptual analysis, conceptual and representative analysis, cognitive (conceptual) modeling. During the investigation it was found that the concept ‘possessiveness' is a complex set of interdependent and interrelated meanings that make up the complete system. The concept ‘possessiveness' represents a special type of relationship that is essential for the construction of the conceptual system of a person, and therefore is reflected in the language and conceptualized by its means. Within this framework, the author analyzes the main characteristics of the concepts ‘possessiveness', ‘relationship', ‘subject' and ‘object', describes the specific features of possessive relationships of the process of their conceptualization.

In this article on the basis of researching the experimental material of lexicographic sources, the associative experiment and the pictograph experiment the meaning and the peculiarities of the functioning of the word “legitimacy” in the Russian linguistic consciousness are defined; the description of the notion “legitimacy” and its representation in the Russian linguistic consciousness are given. The meaning of a word is revealed through special psycholinguistic experiments where the meaning of a word is possible to define just by getting access to the consciousness of the people that are subjects to tests. Human consciousness is regarded as non-language reality. It is also stressed that there is a certain difference and interdependence between the two approaches to the process of defining the meaning of a word: with the help of the so-called method of dictionary studies and with the help of special psycholinguistic experiments. By means of testing it can be proved there is an incongruity between the ways to represent the meaning of a word in a dictionary and in a psychological experiment. While analyzing the meaning of the word “legitimacy” presented in dictionaries its components are defined. In the course of the association experiment some associations for the word “legitimacy” are determined. The comparative analysis of the semantic structure and the associative field of the word “legitimacy” is conducted. In addition, the experiment with image icons is brought into effect and described.

The author of the article highlights concepts and research results on such type of language material as communication verbs in English discourse (foreign and Russian linguists' survey aspects, methods of work, evolution of the notion in question), and inevitably embraces the particular analysis of the lexical units of the given category. Consequently, the purpose of the article is not only the overview of fundamental sources, but also disclosure of some specific characteristics and properties of speech interaction verbs. In other words, the analysis of approaches to the verbs of communication study is aimed at synthesis of the long-term scholar experience and a kind of metarestoration of the concept “verbs of communication” and its analysis. The following methods are considered the most suitable to achieve these survey goals: the comparative analysis of literature, the conceptual and representative analysis, the cognitive (conceptual) modeling. Within the research the author comes to the conclusion that the lexical-semantic group of the English language communication verbs represents a complex structure of language units, heterogeneously combined, however obeying certain laws. Owing to the above-mentioned material analysis it becomes possible to picture complexity and diversification of the communication verbs group structure and a variety of interpretation ways of its units, which accounts for expedience of this research.

This paper uses corpus data in order to track down the typical usage of Japanese adverbials of unintentional action. Their pragmatic potential is represented in connection with their meaning structure. Some additional clarifications in their speech functions are made through similar lexemes in identical surroundings. These data allow us to conclude that besides their direct speech function - denoting an unintended action - the adverbials develop a set of conventional secondary roles in pragmatics. Now, what each adverbial means is closely linked with their original semantics, classifiable into three groups - uncontrolled, unintended and accidental.

The article analyzes the methodological guidelines for inter-lingual summarizing of social and political texts with a focus on the German language. This aspect is useful while teaching advanced language students focused on translating and summarizing texts. Summarizing skills are also highly required during master studies at MGIMO University where postgraduate students deal with political analysis as well as in the every-day work of translator and abstractor. From methodological perspective, this type of information work has not been properly examined. The summarizing competence is gaining greater importance with students engaging in e-diplomacy in German.

Poetry collection Cante Jondo of the Spanish poet of the twentieth century Manuel Machado is a kind of tribute of the poet of flamenco to folklore tradition. The article examines the genre and stylistic originality, semantic and stylistic means used by M. Machado in an effort to imitate the best examples of folk art of Andalusia. These efforts were so successful that his work gained immortal fame and is still performed by singers of Andalusia.

This article presents previously unknown biographical facts of the Iranian poetess Forough Farrokhzad that influenced her formation as an innovator in modern Persian poetry. Principles of the women’s writing criticism in Iran were formed due to Farrokhzad, who discovered different perspectives of scientific analysis for the critics of contemporary Persian literature. Her poetry, although covering a wide range of motives that excited the poetess and being partly related to the philosophical canon of classical Persian poetry, is deeply lyrical and intimate, that in itself reveals a new “female” view in the analytics of the represented ethno-cultural field. Moreover, the open statement of feminist ideas on civil and legal equality of women and men allows to characterize some poems of Forough as acutely social.

The article characterizes “prank” as a genre of entertainment discourse in its culturological context. In the Russian linguistic culture “prank” is originally considered to be a form of “phone trolling/ bullying”. English “prank” or a “practical joke” is understood in a broader sense and is not confined to phone jokes only. Comparing the significance of the addressee and the addresser in the genre of telephone hooliganism in the mentioned linguistic cultures, it can be concluded that the role of the “victim” is central in Russian “prank”, while in the English-speaking world, a key figure is a “prankster”, the instigator of the prank. “Hard prank”/ “heavy prank” as a kind of psychological pressure is used to create a negative mood of its victims and bring them to a state close to madness. This type is more popular in Russia. In the West, “light-prank”/ “easy prank” is aimed at creating a funny and positive mood of the recipient. In this article the author’s definition of the genre “prank” is given and all phone jokes are classified into three main categories depending on the degree of text originality: traditional/template prank phone calls, individually-modified jokes and actual “prank-calls”.

Amharic has been the de jure official language of Ethiopia since 1955, when this position of the language was declared in the Constitution of Haile Selassie I, Article 125. But for a long time it had been the de facto lingua franca in the multi-ethnic Ethiopian Empire. The growth of the Amharic language and the enhancement of its role as lingua franca were closely related to the creation of a centralized state. The scope of Amharic increased with the expansion of the Empire and the incorporation of people who spoke different languages. Amharic dominated the use of other languages replacing them in the area of administration, as a medium of instruction at primary school level and the language of publications and broadcasting. As the main instrument of cultural assimilation policy called “amharization”, it is criticized by some representatives of ethnic groups who believe that its “hegemonic” position in the multilingual society is unfair. The article is aimed to analyze the conditions which contributed to the transformation of the Amharic language into lingua franca and the reasons for such a status being perceived as a privileged one.

Knowledge of texts representing various types of discourse helps the reader get to relevant discursive practices and, consequently, reduce the culturological distance and eliminate the corresponding cultural gaps. To read the contexts of an alien culture requires familiarity with common cultural and historical background of the epoch when the texts were created. Criteria for relevance of the text and its meaningful potential with respect to the relations between this text and the given communicative situation depend on the available information that the reader needs. They are determined by political, economic and cultural relevance of the text within the society that is receiving the text. For the West, Russian literature remained largely unknown until the beginning of the 19th century. Despite the fact that Russian-British relations began in the epoch of Ivan the Terrible, steady interest in Russia, its history, culture and literature emerged only in the first half of the 19th century, when the first translations and the first anthologies of Rus-sian poets and writers’ works began to appear. Nevertheless, the choice of these works turned out to be motivated by the personal interest of interpreters and compilers in them or particular authors. Selection of texts for the “Anthology of Russian literature from the earliest period to the present time” was influenced by their practical value. They ought to have been good illustrations of the important events in the history of Russia from the point of view of students, will-be historians and future diplomats. The texts in the anthology are affecting the main dominants of Russian mentality and Russian communicative behavior. They estimate characteristic features of the linguacultural type THE RUSSIAN(S).