In the Russian and Persian languages there are different patterns and methods for term formation such as semantic, syntactical, borrowing and abbreviation. In various terminological systems, depending on the requirements of the systems, term formation patterns have different productivity. This paper is dedicated to the comparison of productive ways of term formation in Russian and Persian technical aviation terminology. The material used for the study consists of 215 most commonly used terms of technical aviation field in the Russian language and their equivalents in Persian language. The Russian terms are selected from various sources such as Russian aviation standards and journals. Our analysis shows that both Russian and Persian languages in the field of technical aviation terminology actively use the syntactical term formation patterns. In regard to the most common term formation devices in the specified terminological system, in Persian language the combination of nouns is the most productive, and in Russian language the combination of adjective and noun is the most commonly used device. In both languages the following place are occupied by the morphological method, borrowing, semantic method and abbreviation. Generally, as shows the analysis Russian and Persian language have similar characteristics in terms of the most common patterns of technical aviation terms formation.

The article elaborates on the fields of cognitive interaction between UNDERSTATEMENT and the related concepts and reveals intersystem, conceptual connections of UNDERSTATEMENT with the correlated concepts by means of conceptual and collocation analysis. Based on the data from the British National Corpus the conceptual sphere of UNDERSTATEMENT is modeled on the basis of similarity of cognitive features and hyper- hyponymic relations of the adjacent concepts and, thus, the borders of the conceptual sphere, which is understood as “an ordered set of concepts in the human mind”, are established. In the research, the author proves that UNDERSTATEMENT, being a typical British phenomenon, has a positive connotation and, along with other related concepts, presents the quintessence of ‘Englishness’ and is the foundation of such moral values of an Englishman as modesty, conservatism, restraint, a sense of proportion in everything, a lack of desire for boasting, showing off, flaunting emotions, non-interference into privacy, a sense of “fair play”, the desire to “save face”. Thus, the author manages to present a new perspective on UNDERSTATEMENT as a core systemic concept, expands its conceptual space and reveals the most important features of the cognitive, axiological, social concepts and phenomena of the Anglo-Saxon ethnic group, such as stoicism, distancing, politeness, English humour.

The new technologies have changed the way people communicate. Text messaging and social media have played down the English language with their abbreviations, hashtags, and cutting down phrases to only letters. But these changes are not always negative. In certain ways these new technologies have also strengthened the English language. Social media increases our awareness of mistakes and helps us prevent them, highlights the value of short storytelling, and helps us differentiate as writers. All in all, social media reminds people that change is constant.

The article introduces the definition of a new term, cosmetonymic coloronym. The analysis focuses on the place and function of coloronyms in the word-formation system in the French and Russian languages. A new classification system is elaborated for both languages: it is based on the componential analysis with distinguishing nuclear and differential semes. Until recently coloronyms of the lexico-semantic field ‘‘cosmetonyms’’ were not the core of linguistic research. Thanks to the web-supported data, the similarities and differences in its word formation are explored. A comparative analysis reveals the preponderance of the coloronyms, formed with the help of conversion, in French and Russian word groups from the point of view of semantics, word-formation and syntax. This article can be used in different fields of linguistics: comparative linguistics, word-formation, translation studies, and intercultural communication.

The paper treats the problem of perlocutive effect, which is the least investigated aspect of a speech act theory. Elaboration of procedures and methods aimed at study of perlocutive effect is complicated by ambivalence in treating the given phenomenon by different researchers. The latter, hence, gives rise to further questions: can the mechanics of perlocutive effect be adequately described just within the frames of the speech act or whether the researcher should not limit himself by its frames and extend the communicative context. In this connection the author of the present paper resorts to the texts assigned to the genre “letter to the editor” of the British «quality» print media.

The article considers euphemisms functioning in the modern British and American political discourse of mass media in the context of information warfare. The analysis has identified a number of semantic groups of political euphemisms and the reasons for their use in the political discourse of mass media. The study of euphemisms belonging to the semantic group “Armed Conflict” has proved that euphemisms function as a powerful linguistic tool to create the positive image of “our side”. Political euphemisms can be used to describe less pleasant notions in more pleasant or discreet ways thus softening the potentially negative impact of the expression or they can perform the covering up function in order to deliberately disguise actual meanings of words in political discourse. The research has also demonstrated that most political euphemisms in the semantic group “Armed Conflict” are based on the metaphorical transfer and the mechanism of replacing hyponyms with superordinates. The cognitive linguistics analysis of euphemisms in the contemporary political discourse of mass media is essential for the study of the methods of language manipulation since euphemistic expressions allow naming things without calling up mental pictures of them and, as a result, they can be used in mass media to manipulate public opinion, construct people’s beliefs about politics and influence attitudes.

This work is dedicated to the syntactic organization of quantitative-nominal combinations of the type Nquant + AdjN (eine Tasse kalten Tee), eine Art+AdjN (eine Art kollektives Unterbewusstsein), since in the contemporary German language these syntactic formations are capable of using different types of subordinate connection. This can be genitive government (eine Tasse kalten Tees, eine Art kollektiven Unterbewusstseines), agreement (eine Tasse kalten Tee, eine Art kollektives Unterbewusstsein), and contiguity (einer Tasse kalter Tee, einer Art kollektives Unterbewusstsein). The study of the XVII-XIX c. fiction made it possible to analyze the quantitative distribution of constructions. In contrast to the undistributed nominal groups of the type Nquant+N the “portion” of combinations with genitive government substantially increased in the period from the XVII to XIX century. On the contrary, the portion of combinations of the type eine Art+AdjN with government is reduced. The results of the study are not fully consistent with existing normative grammars.

This article analyses the features of the concept of Time and the model of cyclical Time in Hinduism that largely influence Indians’ perception of life. The article shows the particular relevance to time, life and death of followers’ of Hinduism. The article studies the examples from ancient Indian literature that portray the tradition of the veneration of Time in India and respect for it. Besides, the article looks into the most well known Hindi proverbs and sayings that represent the interpretation of Time in India. These proverbs are crucial for the understanding of Indian mentality.

The article discusses some elements of the work of the Spanish writer Ramon Gomez de la Serna, who introduced to the world literature genre of so-called Greger (from the Spanish ‘greguería’) – the shortest statements combining metaphor with the humor. The genre is analyzed from morphological, syntactic, and functional point of view, as well as its poetic signs. The conclusion is that in our times, when the stereotypes rule the world, an unusual look at the reality is of particular importance for creativity. Many examples are cited.

The article focuses on the history of feminism, its formation and development in the West, and its philosophy in the global context. It also analyzes features of feminism expansion to the East and peculiarities of interpretation of this phenomenon in Ukraine and Iran. Since its appearance, the feminist movement almost immediately became widespread in Western countries and was expressed in both moderate and radical forms. Because of the natural evolution, feminism has passed several stages of development, and spread to the East. Ukrainian intellectual tradition assimilated Western European feminism, perceiving it not only as the idea of fighting for equality of sexes, but also as social and cultural mechanisms that contribute to the humanization of society in general. This movement gradually grew into a powerful factor for the development of the country that provided a significant influence on the major cultural and political processes. In Iran feminism challenged the unique national views, traditional lifestyle, and stronger coherence of the social system and religion. The activity of Iranian feminists has not led to radical changes in society, the concept of feminism has undergone structural and ideological transformation and has adapted to the existing realities and mentality. The concept of feminism was artistically expressed in the literature of the countries, and gave rise to the different scientific views on “women’s writing” – the so-called feminist literary criticism.

The aim of the research is to find out the peculiarities of the interpretation of the term “quixotism” in the Russian literature and mass media. The term is believed to have appeared at the beginning of the XIX century when the first edition of the Russian translation of The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, the famous novel by Cervantes, was published. The translation was made by Zhukovskiy V.A., who based it on the French Florian Zh. translation and not on the original. The first impression of Don Quixote among Russian readers did not differ from the one already existing in the West European society. The main character of the novel was perceived as a person who had lost the sense of reality after reading knight novels, outstanding but quite funny and ridiculous, pathetic rather than impressive. However, the interpretation of the image of the Ingenious Gentleman and later the term “quixotism” has changed over time. The emphasis has been gradually shifting to the positive elements of the image: determination of the hero despite the wrong goals, his romanticism, generosity, serving the greater good. The article explores the possible reasons for the inconsistency of the interpretation of the term “quixotism” and the peculiarity of its understanding in Russia. The article can be useful for the readers and researchers interested in the influence of the Cervantes works on the development of Russian culture and Russian literature in particular.

Work on the semantics of the abstract language in a foreign audience always gives rise to certain difficulties of language and cross-cultural nature. This article attempts to help the teacher in working with the vocabulary of a certain ethical categories. Having experience in the countries of Central Asia, the author examines individual teaching methods of semantization of vocabulary of moral and aesthetic evaluation. The article raises the questions not only related to semantization of this type of vocabulary, but also how to reinforce learning words of moral and aesthetic evaluation by foreign students. The author suggests a specific system for working with models (3 phase) that will help students master not only new vocabulary but also new syntactic structures.

The article analyses the innovative potential of teaching a foreign language for professional purposes (FLPP as distinct from FLSP - a language for specific purposes). The authors suggest a shift in focus in the two components of teaching FLPP: the ‘content’ and the ‘didactics’. The former is analysed from the linguistic and the activities-based perspectives. The latter is seen as a combination of methodology and technology. The theoretical analysis and the authors’ practical experience with four-year students of International Relations at MGIMO University have revealed the innovative specifics of each element. With the linguistic element, emphasis should be on such notions as connotation of lexical meaning, register, style, oral and written forms of speech. As for the activities-based element, the focus shifts to developing logical and critical thinking skills in the context of profession oriented activities. The innovative potential of the didactic component can be brought to the fore through a combination of traditional coursebookbased teaching with the project method; this creates a learning environment which allows simulating professional activity. In this context ICT is indispensable to organising effective teacher-student collaboration outside classroom, especially when doing projects. Finally the authors argue that a still untapped innovative potential lies in developing interdisciplinary programmes for bachelor students in their final year with Foreign Language for Professional Purposes as an integral part.