The problem of dysphemization recently has become an issue of study due to the acute political struggle within the Iranian society. Abundant expressions used by the counterparts such as insults, threats, lies and accusation which have been considered as intolerable following the rules of adab (etiquette) are of major concern both of the educated circles of society and politicians. While the educated circles are mainly concerned about the purity of Persian language and a high reputation of Iranian culture, the politicians’ main concern is also the need to preserve the unity of the nation and the prestige of the country on the international level. The article deals with the dysphemisms’ examples in the speech of Iranian politicians used in the modern Persian political discourse.

The article deals with foreign phrases registered in Modern English. We call these phrases foreign phraseological entities. These units are treated as a subsystem within the framework of Modern English. Loan phrases have a number of similarities. They constitute a separate layer in English phraseology. One can come across such phrases in different spheres of life. Sometimes they are of terminological character. Thorough analysis of foreign phraseological entities functioning in Modern English is being made in this article. There is a need for further study of borrowings in Modern English and it accounts for the topicality of the article. The purpose of the research lies in investigating systemic peculiarities of loan phrases registered in English and American dictionaries and functioning in English and American literature. In the course of our work we have resorted to the method of definition and text analysis. Methods of systemic classification, phraseological identification and phraseological description have been also applied. Based on the results of our study we have come to the conclusion that thorough analysis of loan phrases contributes to deeper understanding of the way languages interact.

This paper studies Japanese translations of several classical works of Russian literature to treat the issue of equivalency between discourse control markers between languages. The Russian verbs for hearing, seeing, knowing and understanding when used epenthetically display a common discourse function of representing a certain communicative stance of the speaker, as well as his intentions to control the cognitive state of the addressee. However, in Japanese we find no lexical group exactly analogous to them. This raises the problem of specifying such semantic and pragmatic features in the verbal epenthesis in Russian that would guide the process of filling the corresponding lacuna in Japanese – such as position of the utterance in the flow of discourse, the speaker’s intentions, his attitude toward the addressee, and the nature of the proposition. We find that the Japanese lexical means necessary to make explicit those features include a variety of communicative particles, interjections, conjunctions and modal adverbs – while the status of questions with cognitive verbs, parallel to the Russian speech convention, is rather marginal.

Political speeches have the function of propaganda and agitation. Politicians give political speeches usually to affect the audience and promote their political platforms and opinions. In order to achieve this goal, they often use a lot of expressive means in their speeches. In this paper, taking the examples from Russian President’s State of the Union address, we study the expressive means in Russian political speech focusing on vocabulary, idioms, grammar, and rhetorical tools.

The article researches the main difficulties of neologisms translation using English economic words and terms as an example. This problem is of great importance at present since various shocks in the economy of many countries and measures taken to overcome them have become an abundant source of new economic terms and words. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that translation of new words or new meanings of words often causes difficulties as they are not covered by dictionaries including specialized ones and even internet search engines do not always provide the information required. Therefore, the author presents possible ways to overcome these difficulties adopting a popular integrated approach to language teaching which organically combines the usage of background professional (in this case economic) and linguistic knowledge. In this way a dual problem is solved quite effectively – neologisms translation and enhancing professional competence of economists. The paper analyzes the main ways of neologisms translation and gives specific examples used in the economic press including The Economist. The examples in question are new words, terms or new meanings of words that emerged as a result of new trends in the world economy which is quite a new aspect provided in the article. The author concludes that neologisms translation requires the corresponding translation techniques, basic economic knowledge and awareness about a specific situation in economy. The paper also draws a conclusion that active evolutionary processes are going on in the lexical sub-system of the modern English language.

Legal linguistics lies at the intersection of language and law and therefore its nature is best defined as cross-disciplinary. The article discusses the theoretical and practical significance of identifying the specific nature of the legal language. As distinct from general German, which relies on verb groups, legal German is marked by its preference for nominal style. It is this style that has allowed linguists to speak about legal German and single out features that are common for all layers of the legal language. The present research is based on the language used in statutory acts. The article examines the conceptual character of legal German comparing it with a descriptive one of legal Russian, investigating set phrases (noun+verb) and complex nouns that are typical of the nominal style of the language.

Process of knowledge accumulation about the past has significance for domestic and foreign humanities. The proposed work is devoted to the study of Arabic manuscripts vocabulary “Pearls of wonders and miracles”, which is kept in the manuscript collection of the Kazan Federal University of the Republic of Tatarstan. Manuscript is regarded as a conglomerate of disparate materials at different times. The main objective of the research was the study of the language features of the manuscript, finding for its language era semantic processes. The objectives of the study included the identification of lexical-semantic composition of manuscripts by origin, to establish its social and historical background and functional style. These manuscripts were compared with other Arabic language monuments. A great help in resolving issues related to the manuscript had works of Arab scholars, domestic philologists and scholars of oriental studies.
Forgotten manuscript text can be again returned to the academic community and can speak again, turning from an archive document in the incentive sharing thoughts and fresh ideas. Handwritten sources contributing to the characterization of a particular historical period, allow to judge about the level of development of human thought at a certain historical stage, to help get into the details of distant eras, feel the spirit of the times in which the text was compiled. They open up new perspectives in the study of linguistic, social and cultural aspects of the Arabic language.

The article describes the toponymic space, which the Scottish loch-names form. The loch-names are considered as the reflection of the national and cultural identity of the Scots. The etymology of loch and loch-names themselves reveals the historical, geographic, national and cultural components of the Scottish lifestyle. The semantics of the appellative ‘loch’ differentiates three types of waterbodies: a firth, an inner fresh water lake and a lake with the peat ground. It shows the culture-specific elements of Scotland, the special historically-conditioned attitude of the Scots to nature and the feature of spiritualization and worshipping of nature. The worshipping of it is discovered in the corpus of the loch-names with animal-names, which emphasize the significance of animals such as the deer, the horse, the swan and the trout in the Celtic mythology. The loch-names telling about monsters, evil spirits and mysterious creatures, points at the Scottish fondness of legends, mysticism and their belief in the supernatural world.

In the 21st century such skills as teamwork, collaboration and sharing ideas have risen in importance. Their development involves first and foremost the development of communication skills, which are considered to be an indispensable constituent of social skills. Debates are one of the methods used to hone students’ communication skills in a foreign-language classroom. In September 2016, the authors began the research aimed at determining what influence debates have on the development of social skills among the students who major in Science and Technology. The paper gives a brief overview of the first stage of the research project and presents the second stage, the objective of which was the development of communication skills as a constituent of social skills by using debates. The results of this stage demonstrate a positive shift in improving such skills as clear and concise expression of ideas and opinions, persuasion, and effective listening.

the article is devoted to language training of highly qualified professionals in the sphere of international economic relations. The author provides rationale for training professional language on early stages of education programme. It contributes to forming competence of professional cross-cultural communication by the end of the second year of bachelor degree course. The article considers difficulties arising from the fact that professional language studies anticipate studies of specialist disciplines, which are not known to the students yet, and the ways these problems can be solved. The author acknowledges the fact that integrated learning is somewhat problematic not only for students but also for teachers of English who need to get at least basic comprehension of economic terms and issues in order to conduct a qualified dialogue with their students. The main method of training professional language is the communicative language teaching. Efficient language education policy of a university increases the competitiveness of the university in the global education market.

The success of international projects on student collaboration depends on such factors as correctly elected partners, efficiency in the interactions of the project supervisors – professors of two or more universities, the development of the program for student cooperation, technical equipment of the universities and its equal accessibility for holding video conferences and making presentations for the partners to freely discuss the questions of the project, and the ability of project supervisors to stimulate and encourage students in their active and productive collaboration. As the project “MGIMO-Hokkaido Musashi Junior Women’s College Exchange Program” realized in the period of October 2016 – January 2017 has showed, the quality of international collaboration mostly depends on the methods and approaches to international cooperation, reliance on cultural peculiarities and strength of the partners, especially when partners demonstrate different levels of linguistic competence, openness and experience in international communication.

Motivation is the cornerstone of the learning process. Success in mastering a foreign language is related to students’ feelings and aspirations connected with their attitude towards this language. The author of the article analyses psychological and pedagogical aspects of teaching which contribute to creating the basic motivational conditions, generating initial motivation and also maintaining it. The researcher draws on Zoltán Dörnyei’s findings in the study of motivational strategies. The review of the most influential motivation theories is given from social psychological as well as educational perspectives. The tenets of the present theory are supported by the examples from the author’s and her colleagues’ teaching practice at the School of International Business and Business Administration of Moscow institute of international relations.

The article deals with the role of Afghan Internet resources in the formation of sociocultural competence of experts in international affairs. It is very important to study a country and features of speech behavior and communication of native speakers in specific situations while learning a foreign language. The Internet plays invaluable role if somebody wants to get to know the culture and realities of the country. The Internet allows students to dive into the language environment, albeit virtual. Modern technologies provide unique material for studying Pashto: text, audio and video materials, interactive files, and web-based programs. The application of methods of information processing and technique of the description and analysis of the site contents enabled the authors to select eight Afghan online resources, each with three large blocks allocated - news, encyclopedia and cultural studies. Content analysis of rich culture material identified the main sections which will form the basis of multimedia country study textbook for the second or third year students – prose and poetry in Pashto; rituals, customs and traditions (including matchmaking, marriage and the birth of a child); virtual tours of Kabul and the National Museum in Kabul; songs and dances of the Pashtuns, children’s games and Afghan cuisine. The unique material allows to use new forms of learning – situation modeling, role-playing games, business games, contests, readers’ conferences, round tables.

The article deals with some aspects of teaching French as the language of political science, in particular, as a tool for building the conceptual framework of politics and public policy. A distinction is made between the terms “notion” and “concept”, which refer to different types of discourse. While “notions” lay the basis of the language of political science, “concepts” organize media political discourse, political debates and broad public discussions. While the notion is neutral, universal and has a direct equivalence in different languages, the concept is culturally specific and representative of language consciousness of French people and Russians. The article analyzes teaching strategies for developing conceptual framework in a foreign language. It is alleged that the development of conceptual framework not only ensures the efficiency of professional communication, but also has a feedback effect towards the mother tongue. Mastering the concepts of a foreign language allows to break down stereotypes and review fundamental phenomena of public life.